Business Model and Strategy Assessment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2137 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Business Model and Strategy Assessment Industry Environment Analysis Based on Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces Model, the footwear industry has a high intensity of competitive rivalry. The reason is that in this market, there are a number of wholesalers and retailers, and many of which are well-known and occupy the major market share. In addition, due to the low entry barriers and the affordable capital investments, the force of threat from new entrants is high. Threat from substitutes is low, resulting from the fact that shoes are considered necessities. Customers are more sensitive to price, resulting in all companies reducing price in order to cater and attract consumers. Also, people are fond of chasing fashion and comparing a shoe with all substitutive shoes. Consequently, the bargaining power of buyers is high in this industry. All suppliers produce homogeneous products, leading to a low switching cost to purchasers; thus the bargaining power of suppliers is low. According to dynamic industry analysis, customers, products, and technolo gies dimensions are growing. The world population will increase about 43% to 10 billion in 2050 compared to 7 billion in 2013 (Exhibit 1). With the growth of world population, the demand of life necessities will increase, so the footwear industry will grow as well. At the same time, as a result of people standards of living becoming higher and higher, the shoe companies should improve the level of technology to meet the new needs of customers. Now, healthy lifestyle is a mainstream idea. However, a majority of incumbent firms pay attention to producing high quality and low cost products, rather than lifestyle products. Therefore, lifestyle brands have a greater competitive advantage to disrupt the current market, helping companies achieve success. In summary, although Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces Model expresses the footwear industry as unattractive, based on dynamic industry analysis, the footwear industry consistently maintains a huge market that might attract a great deal of potential new entrants. Accordingly, both incumbent and new firms should find some à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"market holesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to capture market share and enhance profits, such as designing novel shoes that are good for health. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Model and Strategy Assessment" essay for you Create order Business Model Maps or Canvases Brown Shoe has adopts an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Unbundledà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  business model, which includes three fundamental types of businesses: customer relationship, product innovation, and infrastructure. These three entities should be separated to avoid conflicts. This company puts customers first, and it provides a broad-range of products, and operates a variety of e-commerce websites in order to improve customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ shopping experience. Moreover, Brown Shoe focuses on creating and innovating comfort and high quality shoes. Furthermore, it not only owns some factories in China, but it also has a network of global third-party manufacturers. Customer Segments, Customer Relationship, and Channels: All ages of people can buy products in real stores and the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s E-commerce website. The company uses both owned and partner channels. Value Propositions: This companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mission is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to inspire people to feel good and live bet terfeet firstà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Brown Shoe Company, 2012, P.10). Key Activities and Key Partners: This company designs, produces, and delivers footwear for all kinds of people. It has a number of retailer and wholesaler partners. A major portion of its infrastructure is acquired from third-parties. Cost Structure and Revenue Streams: Cost-driven. The objective of this company is generating profits with a wide- range of products. Vera Bradley has adopts the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Long Tailà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  business model, which pays attention to niche markets. This business model requires a strong platform to innovate and create novelty products, in order to attract customers, leading to high demand and revenue. Customer Segments, Customer Relationship, and Channels: Vera Bradley aims at providing novelty and fashionable products for women. It uses a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dynamic Multi-Channel Distribution Modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  throughout its direct and indirect channels. Moreover, the real and online stores allow people to select and buy products easily. Value Propositions: This brand vision is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“accessible luxury that inspires a casual, fun, and family-oriented lifestyleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Vera Bradley, 2013, P.6). Key Activities and Key Partners: This company designs, makes, and sells complementarily accessory products for women. It has a good relationship with third-party retailers and manufacturers. Cost Structure and Revenue Streams: Value-driven. The company would like to achieve high profit by premium price. Yue Yuen has adopts an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Unbundledà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  business model as well. The Pou Sheng Company, its subsidiary, is a retailer in China, and is responsible for dealing with customer relationships. Its market research department collects information from customers to help brand partners innovate and improve products. Yue Yuen manufactures branded athletic and casual footwear. Customer Segments, Customer Relationship, and Channels: The main market segment of Yue Yuen is athletic and casual footwear; thus, sports enthusiasts are its core customers. The company mainly depends on direct retail stores to capture market share. Value Propositions: The products quality of the company has resulted in significant consumer trust. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Group complies to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"put employees firstà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as a promised actionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Yue Yuen Industrial (Holdings) Limited, 2012, P.188). Key Activities and Key Partners: The company makes and sells a broad range of international sport brands footwear. Brand name customers, joint venture companies, and suppliers are its key partners. Cost Structure and Revenue Streams: Cost-driven. This company wants to increase market share by providing a variety of sportswear, resulting in a high sales volume. Similarities and Differences: First, all these companies have same key activities, which include producing and selling footwear and accessories. Additio nally, their similar point of value proposition is putting customers and employees fist, but the difference is that Brown Shoe and Yue Yuen are interested in providing high-quality products to customers, and Vera Bradley is effective at creating stylish and premium commodities for customers. What is more, these three companies have totally different customer segments. Brown Shoe targets all age groups; Vera Bradley aims at women, and Yue Yuen keeps a watchful eye on sports fans. Furthermore, in the aspect of channel, both Brown Shoe and Vera Bradley sell goods in real and online store through direct and indirect distribution channels. Yue Yuen mainly uses direct retail store to sell shoes. Finally, Brown Shoe and Yue Yuen are cost-driven and want to improve profits via a broad-range of products. On the contrary, Vera Bradley is value-driven through innovating premium products to achieve high profits. Corporate Strategy Brown Shoe utilizes multi-corporate strategies. First, it promotes organic growth through the opening of new facilities. In the next fiscal year, the company expects to open approximately 55 new stores in the US. Then, a global footprint strategy drives the company to open 26 stores in China and plans to open five new retail stores in 2013. In addition, Brown Shoe wants to collaborate with Hongguo International Holdings Limited, a joint venture partner, to add about 22 stores in 2013 (Brown Shoe Company, 2012, P.11-12). Furthermore, this company makes use of the acquisition of related companies to achieve a horizontal diversification structure in order to increase its market share. In 2010, Brown Shoe Company acquired the remaining 50 percent interest of Edelman Shoe Company, which is a leading fashionable footwear designer. In 2011, the company acquired a leading athletic footwear designer and manufacturerAmerican Sporting Goods Corporation. However, it sold AND 1 in 2011 and A via and Nevadors in 2013, in order to pay down debt. Vera Bradley mainly expands its retail sale in the United States by opening new stores. The company plans to open roughly 20 new stores annually during each of the next five fiscal years (Vera Bradley, 2013, P.10). To grab global market share, Vera Bradley sells products through 15 department store locations and an E-commerce website in Japan (Vera Bradley, 2013, P.6). Moreover, this company made a strategic alliance with Von Maur in 2012. Beginning on July 10, customers could buy Vera Bradleyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products through Von Maur, a company that provides excellent customer service and creates a more pleasant shopping environment, so this cooperation helped it expand multi-distribution channels. In addition, the company founded the Vera Bradley Foundation for BreastCancer in 1998, and contributed about $1 million to support breast cancer research (Vera Bradley, 2013, P.36). Although philanthropy is different from its primary business, this unrelated service can improve its reputation with an added benefit of increasing sale volumes. Yue Yuen is the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest manufacturer of branded athletic and casual footwear, so its services are all over the word, such as Asia, USA, Europe, Canada, and so on. Moreover, considering retailing activities, the company focuses on China, and has 3,659 directly-operated stores and 2,276 sub distributors (Yue Yuen Industrial (Holdings) Limited, 2012, P.13). In 2003, with the purpose of expanding related horizontal diversification product lines, Yue Yuen acquired Pro Kingtex, a manufacturer and retailer of sportswear, and formed a joint venture with Hua Jian Industrial Holdings Company Limited, a designer and manufacturer of ladiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ shoes. Furthermore, the acquisition of Zhanxin and Pengda sportswear retailers allowed the company to strengthen and consolidate the retail distribution channels in China. What is more, Yue Yuen pays attention to engaging in vertical integration by acquiring some supply chain services companies, for example, Luen Thai and LINE. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The vertical integration and horizontal diversification business model enhances the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s visibility into customer demand and synchronizes its supply chains to help it control costs to achieve higher marginsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Jia Chu, Paper 1). Competitive Strategy Brown Shoe involves three key market segments to service all walks of life: Family, Healthy Living and Contemporary Fashion brands. These markets segments provide a broad offering of products at a variety of price points through Omni-Channel distributions to accomplish a differentiation strategy. Moreover, the company highly invests in advertising so as to boost brand recognition and create brand differentiation. In 2012, the investment of advertising and marketing support was about $21.5 million (Brown Shoe Company, 2012). Furthermore, Brown Shoe built a customer loyalty program, which is its members can earn points toward savings certificates for qualifying purchases at its Famous Footwear stores. This program improves the possibility that customers will choose to purchase goods in Brown Shoe instead of other companies the first time. The data indicated that approximately 66% of net sales in the Famous Footwear stores were made from the reward members in 2012 (Brown Shoe Compa ny, 2012). Unfortunately, the differentiation strategy generated a high variable cost that leads to a low operating margin for this company (Exhibit 23). The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product lines are too diverse to manage. Based on its 2012 annual report, the wholesale operationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s net sales accounted for about 50% of the net sales generated from retail segments. Additionally, the healthy living market should be intensely attended, because it fills current customer preferences. Therefore, narrowing the scope of business may improve the companys profitability, such as giving up part of the wholesale businesses. Vera Bradley carries out a niche strategy by providing stylish complementary products for women to make their life distinctive and cheerful. Moreover, Vera Bradley advocated a visual merchandising strategy, which is using homey decorations to create stores that have a friendly feeling of home. This distinctive customer shopping experience encourages cu stomers to visit again and purchase more (Jia Chu, Paper 1). Furthermore, this company positions its brand as a lifestyle brand emphasizing high quality, vibrant styling, and functional design, all of which highly match the contemporary consumer ideal. At the same time, Vera Bradley releases new patterned products and funny advertisings frequently in order to keep the brand fresh. By doing this, it promotes customers to purchase over and over again. In addition, Vera Bradley has both international and domestic manufacturing factories. This strategy helps the company save costs substantially. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Meanwhile, domestic factories help Vera Bradley adapt to the fluctuations in the market demand and consumer preferences quickly. Also, combining in-house manufacturing and outsourcing makes its suppliersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ power lowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Jia Chu, Paper 1). As a result, a lower cost brings a higher operating margin (Exhibit 3). Yue Yuen exploits a cost leaders hip strategy by putting forward à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a proactive supply chain model, which shifts the company from an essentially domestic manufacturing plant to a global sourcing platformà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Jia Chu, Paper 1). Integrating and acquisition supply chain departments allow it to successfully increase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“flexibility and accuracy of inventory management. In fiscal year 2013, inventories accounted for only 18% of total assetsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , so this reduce a great deal of cost (Jia Chu, Paper 1). Moreover, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“from helping brand name customers design, produce, and sell products, Yue Yuen has the market power to manipulate selling and general administrative expensesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Jia Chu, Paper 1). Also, the company has minimal advertising costs. Furthermore, this low cost structure allows the company to help its brand name customers offer all kinds of products at a relatively low price, in order to increase sale volumes. As a result, the company will m aintain the leadership role in the market, because of the cost-efficient business model. Conclusion Brown Shoe Company should adjust its differentiation strategy so as to gain the competitive advantage and improve profit its margin. Vera Bradley achieves success in the niche market by focusing on providing complementary products to accessorize a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life. Yue Yuen benefits from its vertical integration business model that contributes to a low-cost and high-profitability performance. 1

Education Philosophy Statement Essay - 1255 Words

Education Philosophy Statement Every person has his or her idea of what education should be. One wants to be educated or go to universities so he or she could have a higher degree. Some other person wants to get education just to fulfill ones self. Many people get college education thinking that they can make more money. Education is not about money; it is a lifetime process that enables one to satisfy ones inner self. It makes a person feel good for who they are inside. Jon Spaydes article Learning in the Key of Life made me think about the different aspects of education, such as college education or street education. Which one is a more necessity for survival in todays world. The question that arises in my mind is does†¦show more content†¦Spayde quotes novelist and journalist Earl Shorris. Shorris started an Ivy League-level adult education course in humanities for low-income people. Shorris told his students that Youve been cheated. Rich people learn the humanities, you didnt. The humanities are a foundation for getting along in the world for thinking, for learning to reflect on the world instead of just reacting to whatever force is turned against you. (60) Humanities help people to live a better life. It makes a person rich not in terms of materialistic aspects, but in terms of self-satisfaction and fulfilling ones life. Education does not end after high school or after university. It is true, School helps, but its just the beginning of the engagement between ideas and reality. (61) A well-educated person is one who has not only studied in a university but one who is able to control and analyze everyday life. Most learning takes place from everyday experience, which occurs not in schools but in the streets, such as during everyday activities. Just like Spayde argues, A truly good education may well be one carpentered out of the best combination we can make of school, salon, reading, online, exploration, walking, the streets, hiking in the woods, museums, poetry classes at the Y, and friendship. (58) We do not learn all the lifes obstacles from school or books, but from real people during everyday life. It is true that formal education should be known, inShow MoreRelated Education Philosophy Statement Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesEducation Philosophy Statement I believe education is one of the most important parts of our lives. Education sets the foundation for everything else we do in our lives. Without an education, it is nearly impossible to get gainful employment of any kind. But an education is not just something you get from taking notes, reading chapters, and passing tests. It is true that these are major parts of receiving an education, but they are not the only parts. 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Culture Affects the Performance

Question : 1. How Culture Affects the Performance of International Managers ? Answer : Introduction Key research questions The topic of this research proposal is to find out the impact of culture on the performance of international managers. Major research questions for this research work are given below: What are the dimensions of organizational culture that affect the business performance? How performance of international managers can be analyzed? What is the linkage between culture and performance of international managers? How cultural dimensions of an organization can be improved so that international managers can enhance their performance? Specific research objectives The aim of this research work is assess the impact of cultures on the performance of international managers. Objectives for this research work are given below: To analyze the dimensions of organizational culture that can affect the business performance. To evaluate the performance of international managers. To examine the between culture and performance of international managers To provide some recommendations to improve cultural dimensions of an organization so that international managers can enhance their performance Rationale of the research Performance of international managers plays a significant role to improve sustainability of a business in international market on the basis of effectiveness. Biddle and Swee (2012) stated that, it is the role of international managers to improve productivity of an organization and enhance commitment level of employees. International managers help to clarify the norms, values and objectives of the organization depending on the organizational culture (Banks 2015). Development of a strong organizational culture can help to enhance the performance level of employees and their productivity as well. Blowers (2014) stated that employee performance is considered as the backbone of a company. It is the major responsibility of international managers to improve their performance. However, in international market, managers have to deal with employees, who have different thoughts, cultures values and beliefs. Hence, most of the cases conflict arises in the workplace. Bain et al. (2012) mentioned that, it is the responsibility of international managers, to deal with all these conflicts effectively and efficiently. Dealing with all these cultural issues and influencing employees to work as a team can improve productivity and vice versa. Hence, in this research work, the impact of culture on the performance of international mangers has been discussed. The concept of culture in organizational perspectives According to Banks (2015), culture can be distinct as the mixture of belief, set of values, communications and the behavioral explanation that offers guidance to people. Atchley et al. (2014) mentioned that, culture is the cognitive system that can help to improve decision making and thinking of people within a company. In case of organization, these values and beliefs have significant impact on the sustainability of performance. It can also help to improve sustainability of an organization. Different types of culture have been mentioned below: Subculture According to Brown (2012), sub cultures can be defined as the segment of organizations that have different set of values, beliefs and norms based on department goals, job requirements and geographical areas. It has been found that employee commitment towards an organization depends upon employee participation. Blowers (2014) stated that, sub culture of employees have impact on their participation level. Strong culture Blowers (2014) stated that, the types of beliefs and values that workers hold in a culture is considered as strong. In the context of an organization, a culture is considered strong, when the staffs hold grater part of culture. It is the responsibility of international managers to develop procedures, policies and objectives that can influence employee behaviour and help to gain competitive advantage. Weak culture Brown (2012) argued that loosely knit organizational culture, can push the thoughts, beliefs and attitudes of employees and help them to become more innovative. For this reason, managing the increasing needs to cultural management has become an important and valuable asset for a company. Dimension of organizational culture Professor Greet Hofstede had developed a study to analyze how the values and beliefs in a workplace is affected by the culture. Doris et al. (2015) stated that, culture can be considered as the collective programming that can distinguish a set or group of people from others. There are six major dimensions of culture can be found from Greet Hofstede model. They are such as Power Distance Index (PDI), individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence. PDI indicates the degree of equality of power distribution among people. On the other hand, individualism indicates the preference of people for a loosely knit framework of the society. In this type of social framework people only take care of themselves and their close family members. On the contrary, Ferraro and Brody (2015) stated that masculinity is considered as the preference of people for achievement, success, rewards and heroism. Femininity is the opposite of masculinity. Quality of life, coop eration, caring and modesty is considered as femininity. Bain et al. (2012) mentioned that uncertainty avoidance is the dimension of culture that helps to determine the comfort level of people with ambiguity and uncertainty. In order to discuss about the cultural dimension named long term orientation, Greet Hofstede stated that every society had to keep a link with its past, while dealing with the challenges of present and thinking about future. Ferraro and Brody (2015) stated that, culture that scores low in this dimension like to have time-honored tradition. According to Bain et al. (2012), indulgence is considered as the cultural dimension related with having fun in work and enjoying life. Greet Hofstedes cultural dimension has been described below: Figure 1: Greet Hofstedes model of cultural dimension (Source: Geert-hofstede 2016) Roles and responsibilities of international managers Li et al. (2016) stated that due to global competition, companies are forced to change their management strategy at home and abroad. There are various factors like high speed communication, shorter product cycle, rate of change and technical advancements have contribution towards the change. Koopmann-Holm and Tsai (2014) mentioned that, organizational structure has to be flexible so that an organization can adopt the changing market condition. Bain et al. (2012) argued that, although international managers have to perform the same functions like domestic managers, they have to adjust to more variables and different environment. There are four major roles and responsibilities of international mangers can be found. They are such as: Planning Li et al. (2016) mentioned that, the first step of international planning is to decide how to conduct business in the global market. It is the major role of international managers to set aims and objectives for international activities. They have to observe the environment very closely. It includes factors such as cultural barriers, political instability, currency rate fluctuations and trademark protection. Organizing It is the major responsibility of international managers is to make sure that the planning of the company fits with the culture of the host country. Li et al. (2016) stated that, they have to organize international business in such a way that that can adopt environmental and cultural barriers. They have to change the structure of the organization in three major stages (Liu et al. 2013). They are such as pre-international stage, international division stage and global structure stage. Staffing According to Marsh et al. (2015), hiring a good employee is crucial to the success of any organization. For this reason, hiring qualified employees and development of employees have to be done carefully. The international managers have to be familiar with the labor laws of the host country. Depending on the cultural difference with the host country, the international managers have to decide whether to hire employees from local workforce or to transfer home-base personnel. Directing Atchley et al. (2014) stated that, cultural differences between the origin country and the host country, makes the directing role more challenging for the international managers. They have to understand that attitude of employees towards job and their problem solving skills differ from country to country. In addition, language barriers in the host countries can make the communication more difficult. In to minimize the cultural barriers, international mangers have to take training related with cross-cultural management. Atchley et al. (2014) mentioned that, cross-cultural management can help managers to develop effective interaction with people coming from different cultures and respect diversity. Controlling Marsh et al. (2015) stated that, language barriers, geographic dispersion and distance and legal constraints in the host country can affect the controlling functions of international managers. For instance, in many countries, holidays, pensions are legally mandated by legal bodies of a country. Bernard (2012) stated that, in many countries all the aspects are considered as the legal rights of employees. In many part of the world, there many powerful employee unions exist. According to Atchley et al. (2014), demands of these labor unions restrict the controlling ability of international managers. It has affected their overall performance severely. Conceptual framework Figure 2: Conceptual framework (Source: created by author) Research methodology Outline of this research work consists of descriptive research purpose, deductive approach along with post positivism research philosophy. In order to conduct this research work, both primary data and secondary will be collected. In order gather primary data, an interview will be conducted with 5 international mangers working in the country Jordon (qualitative data). On the contrary, secondary data can be collected from a range of updated journals, websites, books and various research articles. Bernard (2012) mentioned that, research philosophy provides the required knowledge and dimension required for a specific research study. It provides the fundamental facts, concepts and models required to conduct a study in appropriate manner. There are various catagories of research philosophies can be utilized to conduct a research work. They are like positivism, realism and post- positivism philosophy. In order to conduct this research work, post-positivism philosophy will be used. Bryman and Bell (2012) mentioned that, post positivism philosophy helps to examine the validity of the particular data gathered from a specific research work depending on previous research works. This philosophy will help to complete this research work with the help of cross checked and real data and fact. There are primarily two categories of research approaches can be utilized to conduct a research work in appropriate manner. They are like deductive approach and inductive approach. Bernard (2012) mentioned that, deductive approach can help to inspect the previous models and theories associate with a specific research topic. On the contrary, Bryman and Bell (2012) mentioned that inductive research approach helps to develop new theories and models related with a specific research topic. In order to develop this specific research study, deductive research approach has been chosen. It will help to develop this research work with the help of existing theories and models related with this topic. As there is not ample time to develop new models or theories related with this research topic, inductive research approach is not suitable for this research work. According to Bryman and Bell (2012), there are mostly three categories of research purposes can be utilized to conduct a research study. They are like descriptive research purpose, exploratory research purpose and explanatory research purpose. In order to develop this research study in appropriate manner, descriptive research purpose has been chosen as it will help to develop this research work with detail information related with the research topic. Cooper and Schindler (2012) mentioned that, there are primarily two categories of data can be collected in order to conduct a research study. They are like primary and secondary data. It has been fund that primary data can be gathered with the help of surveys and interviews. Burns et al. (2013) mentioned that, there are two kinds of primary data can be gathered. They are like quantitative data and qualitative data. It has been found that, quantitative data can be gathered with the help of survey. On the other hand, qualitative data can be gathered with the help of interviews. Secondary data can be collected from various updated journals, articles and books. In order to conduct this research study in appropriate manner, qualitative primary data will be collected by conducting an interview with 5 international managers working in Jordon. In addition, secondary data will be collected from various updated journals and articles related with the topic of the research. Reference list Atchley, P., Shi, J. and Yamamoto, T., 2014. Cultural foundations of safety culture: A comparison of traffic safety culture in China, Japan and the United States.Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour,26, pp.317-325. Bain, P., Vaes, J., Kashima, Y., Haslam, N. and Guan, Y., 2012. Folk conceptions of humanness beliefs about distinctive and core human characteristics in Australia, Italy, and China.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,43(1), pp.53-58. Banks, J.A., 2015.Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. Bernard, H. R. 2012 Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 5th ed. Plymouth: Alta Mira Press. Biddle, N. and Swee, H., 2012. The relationship between wellbeing and Indigenous land, language and culture in Australia.Australian Geographer,43(3), pp.215-232. Blowers, G., 2014. Gone with the west wind: the emergence and disappearance of psychotherapeutic culture in China, 193668.Psychiatry and Chinese history. Brown, A.J., 2012. Measuring the mysteries of federal political culture in Australia.Tomorrows federation: Reforming Australian government, ed. Paul Kildea, Andrew Lynch, and George Williams,310. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. 2012 Business Research Methodology. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Burns, R. B., Burns, R. and Burns, R. P. 2013 Business Research Methods and Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd. ed. London: Sage Publications. Cooper, D. and Schindler, P. S. 2012 Business Research Methods, 11th ed. London: McGra-Hill. Doris, E., Shekriladze, I., Javakhishvili, N., Jones, R., Treasure, J. and Tchanturia, K., 2015. Is cultural change associated with eating disorders? 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Kara Walker Essays (557 words) - Kara Walker, Guggenheim Fellows

Kara Walker [emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected] Walker produces mural-sized, paper cutout silhouettes to create a dense caustic narrative of nineteenth-century, antebellum slavery. She details the black-paper cutouts with stereotypical characters pickaninnies, sambos, mammies, slave mistresses, and masters. My first impression of her work is that she elegantly portrays scenes from African American?fs plantation life; however, I became aware that sexual, violent, and scatological images are represented repeatedly in her landscapes. She exaggerates the grotesque history of slavery and race relations in America. [emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected] of all, I agree with older Blacks?f feelings of fear regarding the inclusion of slavery as a part of their history, and the use of stereotypes to detonate ancient equations of racism. Older generations cannot explain stereotypical imagery except with malice and hate. Betye Saar?fs negative opinion of Walker convinced me; she believes that Walker stoops to accommodate the White art world to ensure her financial success (MacArthur Foundation Achievement Award). Saar has fought to suppress stereotypes through the empowerment of these icons, and her artwork arouses sympathy from black compatriots. This can be seen in her work, The Liberation of Aunt Jemima. It seems that Walker?fs illustration of contorting slave imagery resuscitates noxious racial perceptions which Saar and other social activists try to deny. [emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected] I had Ms. Cahan?fs lecture, and during the following class discussion, I clearly grasped the meaning of Walker?fs intention, ?gChange the Joke and Slip the Yoke,?h and the reasons for controversy surrounding her ambitious work. I am aware that Walker does not accommodate herself to the White society that once shared the belief that slavery was justifiable. Her use of stereotypical and devastating imagery becomes a weapon, and she seems to avenge the past sins of the society in which she creates her work. [emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected] African Americans, the pain of racism is everpresent, and Walker's world is devoid of the sinless and the passive black victim. Walker mines the source of this discomfort from submerged history and goes so deep that everyone is involved. She knows that stereotypes have not disappeared: they have only been hidden. [emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected] animated figures of her cut-paper wall murals attempt to change a painful past into satire. Consequently, African Americans can conquer a fear of racism in which the themes of power and exploitation continue to have deep meaning for them in contemporary American society. Using humor, they digest the indigestible agony. Furthermore, nothing can be eradicated, nor can their pain be suppressed by looking back tragic events. [emailprotected]?fs shocking narrative is a powerful heeling process of dealing with slavery. Younger generations who were born after the Civil Rights Movements may have instinct for destroy the fear because they are proud of themselves being black; they are brought up as ?gBlack is beautiful.?h [emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected][emailprotected] she has turned the art world upside down and involved the African American society with her work, I understand how art can lift people above the problem and change lives. I would like to say that artist must recognize this point and have responsibility to own artwork. Artist sometimes plays an important part in the social issue. Arts and Painting